RESOURCE HUB

PHISHING
IDENTITY EXPOSURE:

What Attackers Steal
And How To Shut It Down

One click can hand an attacker a session cookie or token that outlives a password reset. SpyCloud recaptures that stolen access so your team can remediate it.
The scale

THE ENTERPRISE PHISHING THREAT

PHISHING TARGETS THE ENTERPRISE

5x

more enterprise-targeted than infostealer malware’ to ‘heavier targeting of enterprises than infostealer malware

42%

of reported misuses or compromises involved non-human identity

94%

of Fortune 50 companies have employee data exposed in our recaptured phished data

AND OPENS THE DOOR TO RANSOMWARE

39%

of organizations reported a ransomware event enabled by a compromised identity in the past year

2x

corporate credentials are twice as likely to be phished compared to consumer accounts

47%

of the FTSE 100 had employee data exposed by successful phishing attacks in the last 12 months

attack chain

Inside the path from phish to full identity attack

INTERACTIVE

STEP  / 05

What happens

Recaptured
What SpyCloud recaptures

incident context

After a phishing attack

After a successful phishing attack, a stolen password is the least valuable thing taken. Phishing kits capture session cookies, authentication tokens, MFA codes, and credentials.

A password reset addresses the credential. It doesn’t reliably revoke the session cookie or refresh token issued alongside it, and 58% of security teams say they struggle to identify which credentials or tokens a phish exposed.

SpyCloud recaptured 28.6 million phished identity records last year. A match against your domain shows which identity was compromised and needs to be remediated, including a refresh token that would otherwise keep issuing access.

why controls fail

What MFA and password resets miss

PREVENTION

Phishing takes the session as it's issued

A victim signs in through a reverse proxy sitting between them and a real service. AitM passes the MFA challenge straight through and takes the session in the same motion, so no control sees a bypass. Push, SMS, and OTP codes relay cleanly. Phishing-resistant MFA stops this relay, which is why kits have shifted to device code phishing and browser-in-the-middle.

 

62%

of phishing attempts Microsoft blocked by mid-2025 came from Tycoon 2FA, an AitM kit

PHISH-RESISTANT MFA

Passkeys don’t stop device code phishing

FIDO2 security keys and passkeys stop a phish from relaying a login through a fake page, and CISA calls phishing-resistant MFA the most secure form of MFA. Device code phishing sidesteps that relay entirely. The victim enters an attacker-generated code on Microsoft’s real sign-in page, and Microsoft issues fresh tokens directly to the attacker’s device, since origin binding never applies to a real domain.

99%

of unauthorized access attempts MFA blocks – but that protection doesn’t extend to device code phishing

REMEDIATION

The artifacts outlive the password

A password reset invalidates the credential. It doesn’t reliably revoke the session cookie or refresh token issued at sign-in. In most IdPs, tokens from passwordless sign-in, tokens issued to confidential clients, and sessions at downstream apps stay valid until your team revokes them.

 

90 days

default refresh token lifetime, and each use restarts the clock

Phishing operations

Phish kits we track

Operators buy and deploy phishing kits like commercial software. AiTM proxy a real login and keep the session cookie issued. Device code phishing tricks victims into authorizing the attacker’s device and collect the refresh token. A fully managed kit costs around $50 to $250 a month.
40+

Total phish kits tracked

One of the most prevalent phishing-as-a-service kits

Tycoon 2FA

Proxies real Microsoft 365 and Google Workspace logins to capture session cookies, MFA codes, and credentials. SpyCloud identified 328,865 victim records exposed through Tycoon 2FA’s administrative panels, about 80% tied to enterprise-managed email domains, before Europol and Microsoft disrupted its infrastructure in March 2026.

Fastest to adapt

Kali365, now under ‘Octopus’ branding

Kali365 runs two MFA-bypass methods in parallel, device code phishing and AiTM cookie theft, per SpyCloud’s tracking. After an FBI bulletin named it, the kit announced its own retirement, then kept operating as Green or Black Octopus without a day of downtime.

Emerging

BlueKit

Loads the real login page on attacker-controlled infrastructure and streams it to the victim instead of proxying traffic directly. In 38% of observed compromises, BlueKit auto-enrolled its own authenticator on the account, leaving the attacker with persistent MFA access that survives a password reset.

Device code phishing originator

EvilTokens

EvilTokens was the first commodity PhaaS platform to offer device code phishing, active since February 2026. SpyCloud data on 8,700+ victims (97.5% enterprise) supported the September 2026 takedown of this platform. Built-in AI scanned victim inboxes to identify and draft BEC attacks.

What SpyCloud recaptures from phishing

The depth, speed, and breadth of our intelligence sets us apart. Here’s what our recaptured collection pipeline looks like in practice.

9.5M

records recaptured

250

Countries & Territories

37%

concentrated in the u.s.

Corporate vs. personal account

Recaptured phished accounts by email domain type

68%

of recaptured phished accounts are corporate

32%

are personal freemail account

See what attackers already have on your workforce

Run a free report for the phished credentials and session cookies tied to your domain.

Remediation

Post-phishing response

Artifact How the attacker gets in Does a password reset close it? What closes it
Session cookie AitM kit lifts it at sign-in Not reliably Revoke the session at the identity provider and in each connected app
Refresh token AitM and device code phishing Not reliably Revoke the refresh token at the identity provider
OAuth grant Consent phishing No Remove the consented application grant
Registered device Device code kits that enroll an attacker device No Remove the device from the tenant and force re-enrollment
MFA codes AitM relay, SMS phishing panels No Revoke and re-issue MFA
Credentials Any phish Yes Reset the password

Follow a phishing exposure end to end

Click through a recaptured record to see the session data a phish took and the steps that revoke it.

See what's been taken from your organization

SpyCloud matches your domains against recaptured phishing data and shows the exposed identity assets (credentials, session cookies and more) tied to your workforce.

Phishing intelligence FAQs

Start from the recaptured record, not the alert. Reset the exposed credential, then check the same record for the artifacts that came with it. If a session cookie or refresh token was captured in the same event, revoke it in the identity provider before the reset is marked complete. If the kit captures MFA codes, revoke and re-issue MFA, then add the identity to phishing target list monitoring. Close the loop by confirming the identity has no other recaptured exposures across personal accounts, since reuse is what turns one phish into several.

Yes. SpyCloud matches recaptured phishing exposures against your directory and triggers the response without an analyst in the loop: a password reset, a session and refresh token revocation, or a step-up authentication requirement through Okta, Entra ID, Active Directory, Ping Identity, or a SOAR playbook. Analysts keep the exceptions and investigations, and the routine reset and revoke work runs on the match.”

Phishing captures one session at the moment it’s issued, for the service the kit was built to proxy. Infostealer malware captures everything the browser holds, across every site, plus host detail that tells you the device itself was compromised. Phishing exposure is scoped to an application and an identity. Malware exposure requires the device to be treated as compromised alongside the identity.

Because the operator often isn’t holding the password. AiTM and device code kits capture the session cookie and refresh token issued at sign-in, and a reset doesn’t reliably revoke them. In Microsoft Entra ID, a password change revokes tokens from password-based sign-in, but tokens from passwordless sign-in, tokens issued to confidential clients, and sessions at downstream apps stay valid. Until your team explicitly revokes the session and refresh token at the identity provider, the account is still open, and the ticket that says remediated describes the wrong artifact.

Recaptured phishing data is ingested, parsed, and matched to your identities as it’s acquired from the criminal underground, then delivered through the API, integrations, or the console. Timing depends on how the operation distributes what it collects, which is why kit coverage matters more than any single feed.

A kit sits between the victim and the real login page, relaying every step of the legitimate sign-in, including the MFA challenge, while capturing the session cookie and token issued at the end of it. The victim authenticates to the real service through the proxy and sees a normal sign-in, while the kit keeps what the service issues in response. That’s what separates AiTM from older, static phishing pages: the login itself succeeds, so nothing about the sign-in looks wrong to the victim or to most detection tools.

Device code phishing abuses the OAuth 2.0 Device Authorization Grant, a flow built for signing into devices that lack a keyboard. The victim is tricked into entering an attacker-generated code on the real Microsoft 365 login page, and the authentication happens exactly as designed, on the victim’s own device, satisfying any passkey or FIDO2 check already in place. What changes is where the resulting token goes: it’s issued to whichever device requested the code, which in this attack is the attacker’s, not the victim’s. The passkey check happens exactly where it’s supposed to. It was simply never asked to protect the device that ends up receiving the token.

Phishing kits capture session cookies, authentication tokens, MFA codes, and credentials. AiTM kits like Tycoon 2FA proxy a real login and keep the session cookie issued at the end of it. Device code kits like Kali365 collect the refresh token Microsoft issues to the attacker’s device. SMS phishing panels like YYlaiyu prompt victims for one-time passcodes and card numbers in real time.

SpyCloud recaptures phished credentials, session cookies, refresh tokens, and phishing targeting data directly from criminal infrastructure and active phishing campaigns. SpyCloud matches each record to the affected identity, so your team can reset, revoke, and step up authentication through your identity provider.